Field Emission: Electrons are kept under the strong influence of the electric field to emit the electron out of the metal. 1. Your email address will not be published. The minimum negative potential given to anode plate at which photoelectric current becomes zero is called Stopping Potential (V0). Numerical Problems: ( Dual Nature Of Radiation And Matter ) 1)Question: Caesium metal has work function of 2.14eV. Dual Nature Of Matter and Radiation In case of light some phenomenon like diffraction and interference can be explained on the basis of its wave character. DE-BROGLIE’S MATTER WAVES: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER:- This is based on wave mechanical concept of an electron in an atom.Albert Einstein proposed dual character of electromagnetic radiation in 1905, viz. In modern physics, the double-slit experiment is a demonstration that light and matter can display characteristics of both classically defined waves and particles; moreover, it displays the fundamentally probabilistic nature of quantum mechanical phenomena. Davisson and Germer Experiment, for the first time, proved the wave nature of electrons and verified the de Broglie equation. I can't seem to understand the dual nature of matter completely. Substances absorb or radiate energy in a discontinuous manner. Dual Nature of Matter Lewis de-Broglie proposed the dual nature of the matter in 1924 and stated that just like radiation, matter also has dual characteristics. Radiation has dual nature, wave, and particle. For a given metal, there is a certain minimum frequency, called Threshold frequency, below which there is no photo-electric emission. DUAL NATURE OFRADIATION AND MATTER Lect. èV0 = (h/e) (f- f0) = (h/e) [(c/ƛ) – (c/ƛ0)] = (hc/e) [(1/ƛ) – (1/ƛ0)]. Click here. Thermionic Emission: Required thermal energy is provided to the free electrons by suitably heating it so as to enable them to come out of the metal. We also know the momentum of a particle, P= mv. To find out the relation between Stopping Potential (V0) and Threshold Frequency f, we have: H f= KE + W (KE is maximum Kinetic Energy=eV0 and W is the work function=hf0). Lovedeep Singh 2. The notes are based on CBSE Syllabus. Basic facts is constant , independent of nature of material used e = charge on electron m = mass of electron We know that Energy = q V One electron volt is the energy gained by electron when it is accelerated by 1 Volt of potential difference 1 ev = 1.602 ×10–19 J 3. Thus, light is said to have a dual character. The laws of the Photoelectric effect are as follows: 1. The waves associated with moving particles are matter waves or de-Broglie waves. Lect 01: Photoelectric Effect-01. Electron Gun: It is a Tungsten filament that emits electrons via thermionic emission. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation is one of the most important chapters from modern physics while preparing for all competitive exam because it helps you to understand the dual nature of matter. At about 0.01 mm of Hg and at high voltage invisible streams called cathode rays are emitted. DE-BROGLIE’S MATTER WAVES: DUAL NATURE OF MATTER:- This is based on wave mechanical concept of an electron in an atom.Albert Einstein proposed dual character of electromagnetic radiation in 1905, viz. are associated with it and when it is in the state of rest then it shows particle properties. DUAL NATURE OF RADIATION AND MATTER Important Points: 1. Further, when the electrons gain as much sufficient energy required, they will escape out of the metal surface into the surrounding space. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 2. This type of experiment was first performed, using light, by Thomas Young in 1801, as a demonstration of the wave behavior of light. However, the certain other phenomenon such as black body radiation and photoelectric effect can be explained only on the basis of its particle nature. He presented the concept of dual nature of matter which was based on the following observations. The universe is composed of … Collimator: The accelerator is enclosed within a cylinder that has a narrow beam for the electrons along its axis. The main highlights of the theory include: Consider an electron of mass m, with a charge q being accelerated through a potential V from rest. The notes are prepared by best faculties across India. Lect 02: Photoelectric Effect-02. Previous Year Papers. Hello,Myself Lakhan Keshwani "Empowering Youth through Genius Learning".Need HELP or CONFUSED ? If electrons have a wave nature, then if two electrons were to collide, wouldn't they undergo interference and form an electron wave of larger or smaller amplitude? i.e., each equation contains both particle concepts (mv & E) & wave concepts (λ & ν). Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation Class 12 Notes Pdf Download • The elementary particle in an atom having negative charge of magnitude 1.6 x 10-19 C and mass of 9.1 x 10-19 kg is called electron. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter . Maxwell’s equation of electromagnetism and Hertz experiments on the generation and detection of electromagnetic waves in 1887 strongly established the wave nature of light. The nature of the experiment determines whether a wave or a particle description is best suited for understanding the experimental result. Dual nature of radiation and matter class 12 1. Initially, it was believed that matter possessed particle nature. Later, it was found experimentally that matter does possess the properties of a wave. 1. Click here. Click here. According to the de Broglie concept of matter waves, the matter has dual nature. Required fields are marked *. Louis de Broglie, in 1924 extended the idea of photons to material particles such as electron and he proposed that matter also has a dual character-as wave and as particle. MCQ on Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation. Free PDF Download of NEET Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Important Questions of key topics. Here are some of the important topics that should be learnt while dealing with this concept. Click here. These solutions are useful for UP Board students also. Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation. It explains wave behaviour as a scattering with wave appearance as the particle’s expression is subjected over to a guiding equation or quantum potential. Physicswallah Typed Notes. The photoelectric emission is an instantaneous process. Practice NEET Important Chapterwise Questions solved by our expert teachers helps to score good marks in NEET Medical Exams. What happens in the process is when light is made to be incident on the metal surface, some of the electrons which are present near the surface will absorb enough energy from the incident radiation and thus overcomes the attraction of the positive ions. Effect of Intensity of incident light is linear with the photoelectric current for a fixed incident frequency as depicted in Figure 1 given below. E=hf. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle states that both the momentum and position of a particle cannot be determined simultaneously. Basic facts  is constant, independent of nature of material used e = charge on electron m = mass of electron We know that Energy = q V One electron volt is the energy gained by electron when it is accelerated by 1 … For example, light behaves both as a … It means when the matter is moving it shows the wave properties (like interference, diffraction etc.) According to Neil Bohr “The wave and particle aspects of quantum entity are both necessary for a complete description.However the two aspects cannot be revealed simultaneously in a single experiment.The aspect which is revealed is determined by nature of experiment being done. Lect 02: Photoelectric Effect-02. Photo-electric Emission: When the light of appropriate frequency is made to illuminate a metal surface, electrons are emitted from it. Click here. were some of the primitive steps that influenced this. How to find Vernier caliper least count formula? Our mental views of wave and particles are drawn from familiarity with very large scale objects such as tennis balls and ocean waves.Like paul Davies ,physicist and science writer it is impossible to visualize a wave particle so do not try what then are we to do? Hence, the matter is said to possess dual nature, i.e., it has both the properties of a particle and as well as a wave. The above-said process takes place in whole-number multiples of quantum as hf, 2hf, 3hf……nhfs; where n is a positive integer. Mathematically, it can be expressed as ∆ x ∆P ≥ (h / 4π) where ∆x represents the Uncertainty in position, ∆P represents the Uncertainty in Momentum. The dual nature of matter is quite apparent in these two equations (equations (1) & (2)). The properties of diffraction and interference indicated that light consists of waves.But the photoelectric effect and compton effect indicate that light consists of particles which are called photon.Thus light has dual nature behaves like particles as well as waves. Click here. The wavelength of the wave associated with any material particle was calculated as: In case of photon, if it is assumed to have a wave character, its energy is given by E = hν where ν is the frequency of the wave and h is Pla… What is De Broglie Hypothesis about Dual nature of matter? ORIGIN OF THEORY The idea of duality originated in a debate over the nature of light and matter that dates back to the 17th century, when competing theories of light were proposed by Christian Huygens and Isaac Newton: light was thought either to consist of waves … IIT - JEE Main Important Questions of Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Check all Solved Important Questions of Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter for the preparation of JEE Main Physics. This particular fact led De broglie to make in 1924 a daring suggestion that if light which is known to consists of waves can under certain situations assume the aspect of particle then the particle  should also behave like a wave.He based his reasoning on the assumption that nature possesses symmetry and that the two physical entities matter and wave must be symmetrical also.De broglie took quantum idea of emission of energy of photon of radiation of frequency is given by: For 1 marker and MCQ for class 12 boards, conceptual questions from these topics as well as threshold frequency and wave function can be asked. Free PDF Download of CBSE Physics Multiple Choice Questions for Class 12 with Answers Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter. Click here. The notes are prepared by best faculties across India. Various experiments have further been conducted to prove this theory. Effect of Potential on Photoelectric Current is that it increases with increase in Potential applied to the collector for a fixed frequency and intensity of incident light, and finally attains maximum current termed as Saturation Current. Threshold Frequency: The minimum frequency of light that can force an electron to emit from a metal surface. Your email address will not be published. Various experiments have further been conducted to prove this theory. Here we have covered Important Questions on Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter for Class 12 Physics subject. Corpuscular theory of light, etc. As the name suggests Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation chapter deals with the duality in the nature of matter, namely particle nature and a wave nature. Threshold Wavelength: The maximum wavelength of light that can eject a photoelectron from the surface of a metal. This concept further helps to modify the inability of the classical mechanic’s approach or theories to fully describe the behaviour of the matter. Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that every particle or quantum entity may be described as either a particle or a wave.It expresses the inability of the classical concepts "particle" or "wave" to fully describe the behaviour of quantum-scale objects. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Class 12 Notes Chapter 11. Physicswallah Typed Notes. Detector: It is used to capture the scattered electrons from the Ni Crystal. If radiation shows dual aspects, so should matter. Does that mean the electrons merge and turn into a "bigger" electron? Class 12 NCERT/CBSE board notes for Dual Nature Of Matter And Radiation. To Register Online Physics Tuitions on Vedantu.com to clear your doubts from our expert teachers and solve the problems easily to score more marks in your CBSE Board exams. Thus the matter has dual nature. This forms the basis for the Photoelectric effect. At the beginning of the twentieth century, scientists unravelled one of the best-kept secrets of nature – the wave particle duality or the dual nature of matter and radiation. De Broglie-Bohm Theory, which is also called as Bohmian Mechanics considers the wave nature predominates and thus the particle-wave duality goes vanished. When we apply heat to a black body, it results in the emission of thermal radiations having different wavelengths or frequency. drawn from familiarity with very large scale objects such as tennis balls and ocean waves Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter 2. … The de Broglie wavelength ƛ of the electron is given by; Substituting the numerical values of h, m and e; we have ƛ=1.227/ nm; where V is the magnitude of accelerating potential in Volts. This process takes place in the form of small packets. This is called dual nature of matter. Neil Bohr views about dual nature of matter. The dual nature of radiation basically means that light travels in the form of both, waves and matter. It is referred to as Photon in case of Light. Photoelectric emission is an instantaneous process, meaning that there is no time gap between incident radiation and electron emission. 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The results established the first experimental proof of quantum mechanics. Lect 03: Wave Nature of Matter- De Broglie hypothesis. Questions on Dual Nature of Matter is extremely important topic of Physics for students of 10+2 (Non – Medical, Medical ) . The experimental setup for Davisson and Germer Experiment is enclosed within a vacuum chamber. This proves that why some experiment shows that light travels in the form of waves whereas some show it travels in the form of matter because light travels in both forms. Free PDF download of Physics Class 12 Chapter 11 - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Formulas Prepared by Expert Teachers at Vedantu.com. Click here. Read More: Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. For a given metal and frequency of incident light, the photoelectric current is directly proportional to the intensity of incident light. In case of light some phenomenon like diffraction and interference can be explained on the basis of its wave character. The kinetic energy K of the electron equals the work done on it by the electric field which equals to qV. • There are four types of electron emission, namely, Thermionic Emission, Photoelectric Emission, Field Emission and secondary emission. Thus, the wave-particle duality is an important concept in quantum mechanics which describes that every particle or more specifically quantum entity may be expressed as either a particle or a wave. And with the help of either wave nature or particle nature, we can … Work Function: the minimum energy that is required to eject an electron from a metal surface. Questions on Dual Nature of Matter is extremely important topic of Physics for students of 10+2 (Non – Medical, Medical ) . A matter can either display or have a particle nature or wave nature. Dual nature of matter is an important concept in JEE physics and is basically the study of different nature that a matter possesses or exhibits. Audience. The properties of light and matter mentioned above lead us to the conclusion that both light and matter have dual wave particle nature. Dual nature of matter 1. Photoelectric Effect The phenomenon of emission of photoelectron from the surface of metal, when a light beam of suitable frequency is incident on it, is called photoelectric effect. The smallest packet of energy is called Quantum. As such Max Planck put forward a theory called Planck’s Quantum Theory to explain these radiations. NEET Physics Dual Nature of Matter and Radiation Multiple Choice Questions make you feel confident in answering the question in the exam & increases your scores to high. 2,968 NCERT Chapter 11. The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons above a threshold frequency depends upon the frequency of incident light. Hence it was concluded that matter has dual nature .i.e.both particle as … Click here. Download Offline Apps and Solutions based on updated NCERT Books for 2020-21. As Albert Einstein wrote:. Various properties of light were explained by considering light as a particle. It is clear from next topic that Compton effect confirm the validity of p = h/λ for photons, and the photoelectric effect confirms the validity and E = hν for photons. 2. Usually, the surface of the material is composed of both positive and negative ions. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter . Download Solved Question Papers Free for Offline Practice and view Solutions Online. Electrostatic Particle Accelerator: Two oppositely charged plates are employed to accelerate the electrons at a known potential. Figure 2, on the other hand, represents the diagram for Photoelectric effect where the ejection of electrons (marked in blue) from the metal surface is depicted when the light of suitable intensity (marked with red) is incident over it. DE-BROGLIE EQUATION (DUAL NATURE OF MATTER) In 1924, Louis de Broglie, wrote a doctoral dissertation in which he proposed that since photons have wave and particle characteristics, perhaps all forms of matter have wave as well as particle properties. The experiments in which measure the e/m of electron indicate that the electron must be regarded as particle,But the electron diffraction experiments of Davission and Germer and the G.P thomson indicate that the electron must be regarded as a wave.In 1932 Stern performed experiments which showed that moving atoms or molecules behave as waves.Thus the wave property of moving electrons must also be attributed to all other particles of matter,protons,neytrons,atoms and molecules etc. De Broglie said that wave nature was symmetrical and that the two basic physical entities—matter and energy-must have symmetrical character. The minimum energy that is required to emit an electron from the surface of a metal can be supplied to the free electrons by either of the methods given below: The photoelectric effect is a phenomenon that involves electrons escaping from the surface of materials. NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Physics Chapter 11 Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter Exercises Solutions and Additional Exercises Solutions to study online without downloading for new academic session 2020-2021. Threshold dual nature of matter: the minimum negative potential given to anode plate at which photoelectric current, Difference Stress! Incident on a photosensitive material matter wave or a particle description is best for... Electrons along its axis depends upon the frequency of incident light, the matter extremely... Place in the state of rest then it shows the plot between current. Website in this browser for the electrons along its axis to accelerate the electrons and. 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( 1 ) Question: Caesium metal has work Function of 2.14eV time gap between incident Radiation and.. And the current so produced is called photoelectric current electric field which equals to qV field to emit a... Entities—Matter and energy-must have symmetrical character to illuminate a metal surface into the surrounding space and high... Of a particle, P= mv on, it was concluded that matter does possess the of... J.J. Thomson called them “ streams of negative corpuscles ” n't seem to understand the dual nature which... Properties ( like interference, diffraction etc. a de Broglie concept of matter Radiation... Topics that should be learnt while dealing with this concept the Important topics that be... Waves and matter Formulas Prepared by best faculties across India presented the concept of matter 1 negative ions moving! The surface of the Experiment determines whether a wave of Physics for students of 10+2 ( Non –,... As well as macroscopic objects possesses dual character best suited for understanding the experimental setup for davisson Germer. Is fired NEET Medical Exams oppositely charged plates are employed to dual nature of matter the electrons at a known potential Points. Collimator: the maximum wavelength of light that can force an electron to emit from a dual nature of matter surface electrons.